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Pakistan’s external debt has almost doubled over the past decade, rising from $68.7 billion in 2015 to $135.1 billion by the end of 2025, according to the World Bank’s International Debt Report 2026. The report notes that the debt increased by about 4 percent in 2025 alone. The report breaks down the debt into public and publicly guaranteed obligations of $107.08 billion, private‑sector debt without government guarantees of $17.58 billion, and short‑term external debt of $10.45 billion. Multilateral institutions account for roughly $56.83 billion of the public debt, while bilateral lenders contribute about $42.44 billion. Liabilities to private creditors total approximately $7.81 billion. China remains Pakistan’s largest bilateral creditor, with a balance of $22.42 billion. Other major bilateral lenders include the World Bank, with $19.21 billion, and the Asian Development Bank, with $16.83 billion. The report highlights differences in borrowing terms. In 2025, the average interest rate on new commitments from official creditors was about 3.6 percent, compared with roughly 8.6 percent on new commitments from private creditors. Official loans had an average maturity of 16 years and a four‑year grace period, whereas private loans averaged three years with a one‑year grace period. Pakistan’s external debt represents about 34 percent of its gross national income (GNI) in 2025. Debt repayments account for roughly 33 percent of export earnings and 3 percent of GNI. The debt‑to‑exports ratio stands at 324 percent, indicating that external obligations exceed the country’s annual export capacity. In 2025, China extended the repayment period for approximately $2 billion of loans to Pakistan. The International Monetary Fund provided about $2.3 billion under the Extended Fund Facility and the Resilience and Sustainability Facility. While extending maturities can ease short‑term repayment pressure, the principal obligations remain unchanged. The World Bank report underscores the challenges Pakistan faces in balancing external payments, foreign‑exchange reserves, and the terms of new borrowing. It stresses that increasing exports, securing external financing on more favorable terms, and effective debt management are essential to address the growing burden of debt repayments. The figures cited refer to Pakistan’s total external debt position at the end of 2025 and do not reflect the daily debt level in November 2026. The article was published by UrduPoint / Pakistan Point News on 6 November 2026 and written by Sanaullah Nagra. Article source: Urdu Point | Image credit: Urdu Point
Pakistan’s external debt has almost doubled over the past decade, rising from $68.7 billion in 2015 to $135.1 billion by the end of 2025, according to the World Bank’s International Debt Report 2026. The report notes that the debt increased by about 4 percent in 2025 alone. The report breaks down the debt into public and publicly guaranteed obligations of $107.08 billion, private‑sector debt without government guarantees of $17.58 billion, and short‑term external debt of $10.45 billion. Multilateral institutions account for roughly $56.83 billion of the public debt, while bilateral lenders contribute about $42.44 billion. Liabilities to private creditors total approximately $7.81 billion. China remains Pakistan’s largest bilateral creditor, with a balance of $22.42 billion. Other major bilateral lenders include the World Bank, with $19.21 billion, and the Asian Development Bank, with $16.83 billion. The report highlights differences in borrowing terms. In 2025, the average interest rate on new commitments from official creditors was about 3.6 percent, compared with roughly 8.6 percent on new commitments from private creditors. Official loans had an average maturity of 16 years and a four‑year grace period, whereas private loans averaged three years with a one‑year grace period. Pakistan’s external debt represents about 34 percent of its gross national income (GNI) in 2025. Debt repayments account for roughly 33 percent of export earnings and 3 percent of GNI. The debt‑to‑exports ratio stands at 324 percent, indicating that external obligations exceed the country’s annual export capacity. In 2025, China extended the repayment period for approximately $2 billion of loans to Pakistan. The International Monetary Fund provided about $2.3 billion under the Extended Fund Facility and the Resilience and Sustainability Facility. While extending maturities can ease short‑term repayment pressure, the principal obligations remain unchanged. The World Bank report underscores the challenges Pakistan faces in balancing external payments, foreign‑exchange reserves, and the terms of new borrowing. It stresses that increasing exports, securing external financing on more favorable terms, and effective debt management are essential to address the growing burden of debt repayments. The figures cited refer to Pakistan’s total external debt position at the end of 2025 and do not reflect the daily debt level in November 2026. The article was published by UrduPoint / Pakistan Point News on 6 November 2026 and written by Sanaullah Nagra.
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