France hosted the largest population of Luxembourg nationals living abroad on 1 January 2024, according to STATEC figures reported by RTL Today. But the distribution reveals more than where people have moved: citizenship recovery has also expanded Luxembourg’s overseas population among people already living far from the Grand Duchy. RTL reported 32,925 Luxembourg nationals in France, followed by 27,212 in Belgium and 20,466 in Germany. Across all destinations, just over 137,000 Luxembourg nationals lived abroad at the start of 2024. Those figures describe nationality and residence, rather than providing a count solely of people who emigrated from Luxembourg. Brazil illustrates why that distinction matters. It hosted more than 27,000 Luxembourg nationals, making it one of the largest communities worldwide. Nearly 15,000 lived in the United States. According to RTL’s account of STATEC’s findings, the number in Brazil had increased 4.3 times over five years, while the United States total had nearly tripled. STATEC attributed much of that growth to citizenship recovery initiatives allowing descendants of people who were Luxembourg nationals on 1 January 1900 to recover Luxembourg nationality. An increase in Luxembourg citizens overseas can therefore occur without a corresponding movement of people out of the country. The overall overseas national population rose by 68.5% between 2020 and 2024, RTL reported. Its account distinguishes between Luxembourgers moving to neighbouring countries and people acquiring Luxembourg citizenship while continuing to live elsewhere. Both contribute to the same headline total, despite representing different relationships with the country. The figures establish France’s leading position at that date, but do not explain why particular households chose it or identify the largest community within an individual foreign city. Nor do they document the historical migration routes behind the Brazilian and American communities. The clearest conclusion is that Luxembourg’s population abroad combines geographical proximity with inherited national ties. France leads the country-level count, while citizenship recovery helps explain the rapid growth of major communities across the Atlantic. Calling all of those nationals emigrants would obscure an important part of the story.